NOTE ON SETTING UP A REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE IN VIETNAM

Setting up a representative office is considered one of the simplest forms of investment in Vietnam.

The representative office will help the foreign trader to lease office, hire people, open bank account, and promote the business activities in Vietnam market.  The chief representative if being foreigner will then could apply for work permit and temporary residence card to stay in Vietnam.  There is no income tax as the representative office therefore the liability to maintain a representative office is less hassle.  When the purpose of setting up representative office in Vietnam has been achieved, the closing down of the business shall be not as challenging as closing down a company.

According to Vietnam laws, representative office is a dependent unit, representing the foreign entity’s interests in Vietnam. Representative office is established by foreign entities to help them liaise, implement research activities, provide information and support them in seeking new partners as well as having understanding of the new market.

The foreign entity has to meet certain conditions before setting up representative office in Vietnam. It has rights and duties in accordance with Vietnam laws.

When preparing the application for license of representative office in Vietnam, the foreign entities have to note the following.

Prepare the application forms

The application forms as issued by Ministry of Industry and Trade. The application must be signed by legal representative of the foreign entity;

Notarize, legalize and authenticate documents

The foreign entity has to prepare and provide business registration certificate, audited financial report, charter, and office lease memorandum of understanding, passport of the legal representatives of the Representative Office in Vietnam. The documents issued in foreign countries have to be notarized, legalized and authenticated (apostille procedures) in accordance with Vietnam laws to be used in Vietnam. If the business registration certificate or alternative documents have expiry date for business entity’s operation, the remaining time must be at least one year;

Who should be the chief representative?

The Chief Representative of the Representative Office in Vietnam must be different from the Director of the foreign entity.

How long does it take?

It would take around 20 business days since application until receiving the business operation registration of representative office.

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MARITIME INSURANCE: COMPLEXITY AND DISPUTES

In the insurance sector, the insurance of goods transported by sea is much more complex and causes most disputes in the process of claim settlement.

Marine  insurance  is  the  insurance  operations  related  to  the  operation  of  the ship, the  human or the  goods are transported on the sea or the  insurance operation risks at sea, on land, in river relating to sea voyage

The import and export activities of Vietnam are growing strong in recent years. Therefore, the revenue from cargo insurance is growing well. Insured clients are companies export and import of goods, logistics companies, shipping companies, the investors and contractors of projects…

Risks for cargo insurance is not high, mainly are risks occurred during transportation.The  loss ratio of the market is quite low, which was 27% in 2012, 21.6% in 2013 were 21.6% (excluding the losses that are being resolved), with the causes mainly are deficiencies and damages in transportation process.

Understanding the principles of the compensation in maritime insurance will help us to limit the disputes.  When incident happen, insurance lawyers in shipping, transportation sector are always called in for advice and dispute resolution.

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US INVESTORS SET UP BUSINESS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

United States (US) businesses are expecting to pour investment capital and set up business in Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC) in the near future, when Vietnam and the US are members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP).

Statistics from the Department of Planning and Investment of HCMC showed that in 2015, the city has attracted 26 investment projects from the US with a total capital of approximately 135.4 million USD. In the first 2 months of 2016, the US has invested an additional of 4 new projects with total capitals of 1.56 million USD. It is forecasted that after TPP takes effect, the number will increase exponentially.

The industrial zones in HCMC are attracting the most investment within three years. Currently there are more than 300 projects worth more than 600 million USD. With the launching of TPP, the city hopes to receive a new wave of investment from US businesses. The efforts to reform the city’s administration procedures are creating favorable environment for US businesses to increases investment in HCMC.

According to the representative of the US Consulate in HCMC, diplomatic relation between Vietnam and the US is getting better, creating conditions and opportunities for US investors to come and set up business in HCMC. As recognized by the American Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam (Amcharm), businesses from the 2 countries feel very excited after exploring the investment environments of each other.

According to the Amcham’s representative, the promotion of the free trade agreements and especially TPP is bringing Vietnam and the US to the center of trade cooperation. It is reflected positively in 2015 with growth rate reached 45 billion USD in terms of sales, increased by 20% compared with 36 billion USD in 2013. Currently, Vietnam is also the leading countries in ASEAN on trade balance with the US when Vietnam accounting for 25% of export turnover of the area and this figure will continue to increase in 2020.

According to representatives of the Department of Planning – Investment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam American investors to increase mainly in the field of real estate, banking, services, processing technology. This is a positive signal for bringing high-income jobs for local workers. The goal of the 2020 Vietnam brought exports to the US increased by 300 billion dollars.

According to representatives of the Department of Planning and Investment of Ho Chi Minh City, investment from the US to Vietnam increased mainly in the field of real estate, banking, services, processing technology. This is a positive signal because it brings high-income jobs for local workers. The goal of Vietnam is that till 2020, export turnover to the US will increase by 300 billion USD.

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US INVESTORS SET UP BUSINESS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

United States (US) businesses are expecting to pour investment capital and set up business in Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC) in the near future, when Vietnam and the US are members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP).

Statistics from the Department of Planning and Investment of HCMC showed that in 2015, the city has attracted 26 investment projects from the US with a total capital of approximately 135.4 million USD. In the first 2 months of 2016, the US has invested an additional of 4 new projects with total capitals of 1.56 million USD. It is forecasted that after TPP takes effect, the number will increase exponentially.

The industrial zones in HCMC are attracting the most investment within three years. Currently there are more than 300 projects worth more than 600 million USD. With the launching of TPP, the city hopes to receive a new wave of investment from US businesses. The efforts to reform the city’s administration procedures are creating favorable environment for US businesses to increases investment in HCMC.

According to the representative of the US Consulate in HCMC, diplomatic relation between Vietnam and the US is getting better, creating conditions and opportunities for US investors to come and set up business in HCMC. As recognized by the American Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam (Amcharm), businesses from the 2 countries feel very excited after exploring the investment environments of each other.

According to the Amcham’s representative, the promotion of the free trade agreements and especially TPP is bringing Vietnam and the US to the center of trade cooperation. It is reflected positively in 2015 with growth rate reached 45 billion USD in terms of sales, increased by 20% compared with 36 billion USD in 2013. Currently, Vietnam is also the leading countries in ASEAN on trade balance with the US when Vietnam accounting for 25% of export turnover of the area and this figure will continue to increase in 2020.

According to representatives of the Department of Planning – Investment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam American investors to increase mainly in the field of real estate, banking, services, processing technology. This is a positive signal for bringing high-income jobs for local workers. The goal of the 2020 Vietnam brought exports to the US increased by 300 billion dollars.

According to representatives of the Department of Planning and Investment of Ho Chi Minh City, investment from the US to Vietnam increased mainly in the field of real estate, banking, services, processing technology. This is a positive signal because it brings high-income jobs for local workers. The goal of Vietnam is that till 2020, export turnover to the US will increase by 300 billion USD.

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WHICH AUTHORITY APPROVES BUSINESS SETTING UP IN VIETNAM?

Investment projects in Vietnam could be evaluated and approved for business setting-up at top level of the government, at ministerial levels or at the provincial levels.

The licensing authorities for business setting up in Vietnam has been divided to distribute workloads at different state agencies with aim to speed up the process and attract more quality investment projects in Vietnam.

In practice, the process for establishing companies or executing investment projects in Vietnam would take from one month for simple project, three to six month for areas categorized under conditional investment areas, requiring sub-licenses, or additional time for more complicated projects.  At the provincial levels, there might be inconsistency between cities and provinces due to different interpretation of laws.  For investment project with difficulty to manage, the provincial levels would need to consult with technical department of central government agencies, as such the time taken to process the investment certificate would be lengthen.

Understanding the mechanism and the work division of Vietnam authorities that evaluate and approve business licensing at different government agencies would help foreign investors to smoothen the process and improve their experience in Vietnam.

It is notable that, the government level will be focusing on significant projects, in special area at large investment capital with impact on social economic situations.  Most of the investment licensing procedures will be carried out at the provincial levels where the investment projects exist.

The following will point out directions for foreigners to approach respective agencies based on the particular area of interests, scale, and nature of the investment.  However, to avoid delay and increase effectiveness, it is advisable that the foreign clients would consult with Vietnam law firms to help advise and represent them in preparing and executing the investment in Vietnam.

I. Projects evaluated and granted investment licensing at government level

Depending on the business nature, industry sector, investment scale, and investment policy, the Vietnam Prime Minister, on behalf of the government will evaluate and approve investment licensing for setting up business.

1. The investment project in Vietnam the government will evaluate and approve regardless of funding, the scale of investment are in the following areas:

a) Development and commercialization of airports and air transport;
b) Development and commercialization of national port;
c) Exploration, mining and processing of oil and gas; exploration and exploitation of minerals;
d) Radio, television;
e) Casino;
f) Production of cigarettes;
g) Establishment of university level educational institute;
h) Establishment of industrial zones, export processing zones, high-tech zones and economic zones.

2. Although investment projects which do not fall under the cases listed above, but the government of Vietnam also evaluates and approves investment project with investment capital of VND 1,500 billion (around USD 75 mil) upwards regardless of funding and in the following areas:

a) Sales of electricity, mineral processing, metallurgical;
b) Construction of railway infrastructure, roads, inland waterways;
c) Production, sales of wine and beer.

3. Further, the government of Vietnam also evaluates and approve investment projects with foreign investment in the following areas:

a) Maritime transport;
b) Establishment of networks and provision of postal services, courier, telecommunication and internet; network setup and signal transmission;
c) Printing and distribution of newspapers; publication;
d) Establishment of independent scientific research.

4. Where the investment projects specified in the above cases are in the plan which the Prime Minister has approved or authorized other agencies to approve, and that the investment projects meet the conditions prescribed by law and treaties to which Vietnam Nam is a member, the agency granted investment certificates perform the procedure for issuance of investment certificates is not required to submit to the Prime Minister to decide on the investment policy.

5. Where the investment projects specified in the above case is not in the plan which has been approved by the Vietnam Prime Minister or authorized other agency to approve, and that the projects do not meet the conditions for market access provisions in international treaties which Vietnam is a member, the agency granted investment certificates shall consult with other of relevant industries and submit to the Prime Minister for investment policy decision.

II. Projects evaluated and granted investment licensing at ministerial level

1. The Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment shall evaluate and approve licensing for investment projects in the form of BOT, BTO, BT.

2. Other ministries will be evaluating and granting license for investment in some sectors.

a.Vietnam Ministry of Commerce and Industry shall evaluate and approve licensing for investment project in oil and gas sector;

b. Vietnam State Bank shall grant licensing for financial institutions;

c. Vietnam Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for issuing license for investment project of insurance business.

III. Projects evaluated and granted investment licensing at provincial levels

1. Department of Planning and Investment shall be the single point of contact that receive the application and evaluate the investment plan of the foreign investors wishing to establish business in Vietnam for projects

a. Outside of Industrial Zone, Industrial Processing Zone;

b. Infrastructure development project for Industrial Zone, Industrial Processing Zone which management board of industrial zone and industrial processing zone are not yet established.

2. The management board of Industrial Zone, and Industrial Processing Zone:

a. For investment projects within the Industrial Zone, and Industrial Processing Zone which are not under the authority of the Prime Minister;

b. Infrastructure development project to for industrial zone and industrial processing zone.

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HOW TO PROTECT TRADEMARK IN VIETNAM?

Trademark protection in Vietnam is initially obtained through trademark registration.

Trademark opposition could be filed to prevent a pending application for a mark from being granted application.  Litigation is the final measure to handle dispute during trademark protection in Vietnam.

Trademark is a sign that help distinguish the goods or services of one enterprise from those of others. Together with industrial design and patent, trademark of goods and services plays an extremely important role for the growth of the enterprise. Trademark establishes a link between enterprise and customer.  A strong trademark will attract customers to use goods or services. When trademark is popular and economic benefits achieved through sale of goods or provision of services coupled with trademark is large, the violation of trademark is inevitable.

The annual reports of the Vietnam National Office of Intellectual Property (NOIP) prove that trademark violation in Vietnam is the most popular, among other industrial property rights.  According to the preliminary annual report in 2011, and 2012, there has been more than 1,000 cases of trademark violations each year.  Report of 2013 shows more than 2,000 trademark infringements were handled with the total fines of trademark violators of around USD 1 million.  Having said that, it is important for trademark owner to register trademarks in Vietnam for better protection.  This is also suggested for even well-known trademarks.

For registration, trademark owner has two options: either directly register trademark in Vietnam by filling an application for registration with the Vietnam NOIP, or seek the protection in Vietnam through Madrid’s system.  For the first option, the trademark owner needs to prepare, file for registration, and pay fee as the requirement of Vietnam Intellectual Property law.  In case trademark needs to be protected in a number of nations, including Vietnam, trademark owner may register trademark through Madrid’s system.

Where the violation of trademark occurs, trademark owner needs to judge the level of infringement, level of damage to choose suitable resolutions.  Initially, the trademark owner may protect by requiring to the trademark violator to terminate the infringing acts, apologize, and rectify. In case of being damaged, trademark owners have rights to claim compensation.  If failing to reach result, trademark owner may use settlement mechanism through negotiation or mediation or could request the competent state agencies to handle acts of infringement through i.e. filling a denunciation application and submitting to the Vietnam NOIP.  Litigation might be required to handle acts of infringement.  Generally, the proceeding of civil litigation is more complex than the arbitration proceeding. In cases the trademark owner needs a decision from court in order to end trademark infringement, civil litigation is top priority. In the remaining cases, arbitration is a better choice with advantages of cheaper cost, shorter settling time, and more flexible.

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HOW TO PREPARE AND FILE A LAWSUIT IN VIETNAM?

If two parties have a dispute over a commercial matter in Vietnam, they should try to resolve disputes through negotiation, or mediation before considering to file a lawsuit against the other at a court in Vietnam.

To implement their right to sue, the plaintiff must prepare and submit the claim at the competent court in Vietnam.  The dispute lawyers in Vietnam with experience and understanding the litigation process should be invited at the early stage to advise, represent and prepare to defend the client.  The claim filing should include the petition and the supporting documents.  The petition is the most important legal document for the court to review and resolve the claim of the plaintiff, as such it should be carefully prepared to meet the requirements of the form, authority, and further contain information about the plaintiff, defendant, summary of the case and the request of the plaintiff.

The contents of the petition must be presented in full, brief, clear, and in logic.  The plaintiff should provide all documents, and evidence to prove the merit of the claim including contract, purchase order, separate terms and conditions, appendixes (if any), minutes of meetings of negotiations, invoices, delivery proof, legal status of plaintiff and defendant, documents to determine the legal status of the representative of the plaintiff such as appointment decision, power of attorney.  In order for the document issued in foreign country to be valid in Vietnam, the documents presented have to be original or notarized, legalized and authenticated copy and translated into Vietnamese in accordance with Vietnam laws.

When the claim has been filed at the competent court in Vietnam provided all conditions of acceptance are met, the court will notify the plaintiff or its representative know the court fees. When the applicant advance the court fee, the case will be recorded and brought into the process for settlement.

At the trial preparation process, the case will be assigned to a judge whom after studying would request parties to present additional necessary papers and documents relating to the case.  Parties or their representative would then be requested to meet the judge to provide further information or testimony or attend reconciliation.  If the disputing parties resolve disputes with each other, the court will make a record to acknowledge the successful reconciliation and issue the decision to recognize the agreement of the parties. Where reconciliation fails, the court records that and shall issue the decision to bring the case to trial.

Disagreements or disputes arise when parties can not agree on issues related to contract provisions, expected outcome or performance starndards…There are cases when the dispute is over a debt obligations matters which a debt recovery law firm could assist at an early stage to manage the collection process pre litigations including negotitions and managing expectations of both sides.    

ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam will be available to assist the clients when required to handle dispute matters out of court, at court or through arbitration in Vietnam.  

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US INVESTORS SET UP BUSINESS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

United States (US) businesses are expecting to pour investment capital and set up business in Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC) in the near future, when Vietnam and the US are members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP).

Statistics from the Department of Planning and Investment of HCMC showed that in 2015, the city has attracted 26 investment projects from the US with a total capital of approximately 135.4 million USD. In the first 2 months of 2016, the US has invested an additional of 4 new projects with total capitals of 1.56 million USD. It is forecasted that after TPP takes effect, the number will increase exponentially.

The industrial zones in HCMC are attracting the most investment within three years. Currently there are more than 300 projects worth more than 600 million USD. With the launching of TPP, the city hopes to receive a new wave of investment from US businesses. The efforts to reform the city’s administration procedures are creating favorable environment for US businesses to increases investment in HCMC.

According to the representative of the US Consulate in HCMC, diplomatic relation between Vietnam and the US is getting better, creating conditions and opportunities for US investors to come and set up business in HCMC. As recognized by the American Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam (Amcharm), businesses from the 2 countries feel very excited after exploring the investment environments of each other.

According to the Amcham’s representative, the promotion of the free trade agreements and especially TPP is bringing Vietnam and the US to the center of trade cooperation. It is reflected positively in 2015 with growth rate reached 45 billion USD in terms of sales, increased by 20% compared with 36 billion USD in 2013. Currently, Vietnam is also the leading countries in ASEAN on trade balance with the US when Vietnam accounting for 25% of export turnover of the area and this figure will continue to increase in 2020.

According to representatives of the Department of Planning – Investment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam American investors to increase mainly in the field of real estate, banking, services, processing technology. This is a positive signal for bringing high-income jobs for local workers. The goal of the 2020 Vietnam brought exports to the US increased by 300 billion dollars.

According to representatives of the Department of Planning and Investment of Ho Chi Minh City, investment from the US to Vietnam increased mainly in the field of real estate, banking, services, processing technology. This is a positive signal because it brings high-income jobs for local workers. The goal of Vietnam is that till 2020, export turnover to the US will increase by 300 billion USD.

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PATENT REGISTRATION PROCEDURES IN VIETNAM

ANT Lawyers is a patent law firm in Vietnam that can assist client in the patent registration process and other patent relating issues.

Time and procedures for patent registration:

+ The time for form evaluation: 01 months from the date of receipt;

+ The time to publish the application: 18 months from the priority date or the 2nd month after receiving the request for content evaluation;

+ The time for content evaluation: 12 months after receiving the request for content evaluation or the date of publication

+ The time for patent protection is 20 years, for the patent for utility solution is 10 years.

Profile includes:

+ Declaration (02 sheets according to form);

+ Description (02 sheets, including drawings, if any);

+ Request for protection (02 sheets);

+ Relevant documents (if any);

+ Receipt of fees and charges.

Patent registration requirements:

1.Organizations and individuals that meet the following conditions may register for patent:

+ The author created the patent by his efforts and expenses;

+ Organizations and individuals investing in fund and material for the author in the form of contract work, unless the parties have other agreements and that agreements are not contrary to the provisions of law;

+ The case that many organizations and individuals working together to create or invest to create the invention, that organizations and individuals all have the right to register for patent and the registration will be implemented only if all organizations and individuals agree;

+ The case that the invention was created by using the technical facilities and expenses from state budget:

+ The case that the invention was created on the basis of entire state investment funds and technical facilities, the patent registration right belongs to the State. Organizations and state agencies are empowered as investor, representing State to exercise the right to register for patent;

+ The case that the invention was created on the basis of State contributes capitals which are funds and technical facilities, part of the patent registration right corresponding to the proportion of capital contribution will belong to the State. Organizations and Government agencies that are representatives of the State capital will be responsible for implementing the State’s patent registration right;

+ The case that the invention was created on the basis of research and development collaboration between state organizations, agencies and other organizations, individuals, if the cooperation agreement has no other provisions, part of the patent registration right corresponding to the proportion of capital contribution will belong to the State. State organizations and agencies participating in the research and development process will be responsible for implementing the State’s patent registration right.

2. To be granted the patent registration, the applicant must meet the following requirements: new; creative and capable of industrial application.

3. To be granted the patent protection/utility solution, the applicant must meet the following requirements: new and capable of industrial application.

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10 QUESTIONS TO ASK BEFORE SETTING-UP COMPANY IN VIETNAM

Foreigners are encouraged to make investment in Vietnam through direct investment by Setting up company in Vietnam.

However there are restrictions in some cases in regard to investment capital, investment area, special licenses required. The investor is suggested to consult with a law firm in Vietnam for advice and service offering.

Before setting up business in Vietnam, ask yourself the following questions:

1. Which business should I invest in Vietnam?

There are non-conditional investment areas and conditional investment areas.  Establishing company in the non-conditional investement areas are more simple than in conditional investment areas.  Investment in IT services, manufacturing, management consulting, business promotion are a few samples of non-conditional investment areas.  Example of conditional investment areas are real estate, trading, travel agencies, freight forwarding…which are more complicated with investment conditions.  Investment conditions might also be changed over the time depending on the WTO commitments which Vietnam enters.

2. What should I name the business in Vietnam?
The company in Vietnam has to have Vietnamese name, and English name. The company could also have abbreviated name.  The name of the company in Vietnam indicates the structure of the company, the business lines, and the name that differentiate against other businesses.  For instance, the company could be named Alpha consulting limited liability company.

3. Where should I register the address of the business in Vietnam?
Not every address could be used to register a company.  The address has to be an address of a house with leasing agreement or office building which owner has license to operate as office building.

4. What is the legal structure of the company?
Depending on the number of investor contributing capital, company could be set-up as one member limited liability company or two ore more member limited liability company or joint stocks company.

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Forms of Investment in Vietnam

5. How much capital is required to set-up a company in Vietnam?
The investment amount depends on the business plan and is subject to the approval of the provincial Department of Planning and Investment evaluating application dossier. In some business areas like real estate, banking and finance, minimum capital is required. In general for non-conditional investment area, the law does not specify the minimum capital to establish a company in Vietnam however the State agencies that evaluate investment plan could reject the investment project which are not feasible. Bank statement in foreign banks could be used to prove sufficient fund of investment capital.

6. Whom will be legal representative and work permit in Vietnam?
The investor will need to appoint the legal representative in Vietnam to oversee the business performance and take legal responsibility in Vietnam. If the legal representative is an expatriate, whom is a capital contributing member or owner of a limited liability company or a member of the Board of Management of a shareholding company which is registered to operate in Vietnam, he or she will be exempted from work permit in Vietnam. Otherwise, he or she will need to have a work permit to work in Vietnam legally.  The work permit holder would then apply for temporary residence card to live in Vietnam as long as the work permit allows.

7. How long does it take to set-up a company in Vietnam?
It depends on what type, scale, and whether or not conditions are required. For a simple minimum capital without conditions to set-up, it would take 30 working days. For setting up company in conditional investment areas i.e.  trading company in Vietnam, time would be lengthen due to the involvement of a number of State agencies approving the investment project and it would take 60 working days. For setting up company in other investments in areas requiring conditions to meet, time might be taken depending on the type of conditions and the government agencies evaluating the conditions of investment.

8. Whom will be granting the investment license in Vietnam?
For most of the investment projects, the provincial state agencies with the approval of the Department of Planning and Investment (DPI) will be granting the Investment Certificate in Vietnam. However, depending on the type, scale, and whether or not conditions are required, other Vietnam State agencies might be involved. For the case of trading company, ministry of trade and commerce, ministry of finance, provincial people’s committee will be reviewing the investment application dossier as well.

9. What are the tax liability in Vietnam?
Major taxes in Vietnam are corporate income tax, import and export tax, value added tax, and personal income tax in Vietnam. In some special areas, there are other taxes. The corporate income tax is currently at 22% and will reduce to 20% beginning 2016. Export is mostly encouraged as such the export tax is 0 however there are special cases when export tax is larger than 0. Import tax varies according to tariff. Value added tax is mostly at 10% however in some cases, VAT could be 5% or 0%. Personal Income tax varies according to income level and is applicable from VND 9,000,000 above.

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Major Taxes in Vietnam

Personal Income Tax in Vietnam

10. What are mandatory reports submissions requirement in Vietnam?
Companies are required to keep accounting books, prepare and submit tax reports on monthly, quarterly and annually. Foreign companies are also required to have financial audit taken before the financial year end. The financial year in Vietnam is from January to December and the deadline to submit financial report is March 30th for the previous year. Other reports are required to be submitted at other State agencies.

At ANT Lawyers, a law firm in Vietnam with offices in Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City, we are always capable to assist clients in licensing and post-licensing matters to help clients with all questions and services in setting up and maintaining the company in Vietnam. We could be reached at email: ant@antlawyers.vn or office tel: +848 35202779.

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DRAFT AND REVIEW CONTRACTS – A LAWYER’S VIEW

In Vietnam, certain type of contract has to follow forms requested by laws as such client is recommended to seek help from professional contract lawyers in Vietnam to help draft or review.

Contract is an agreement enforced by law.  In Vietnam, contract is a civil transaction which parties enter into voluntarily, each of whom intends to create, change, or terminate one or more rights or obligations between them according to Vietnam Civil Code.  Contract plays an important roles in business transaction.  Written contract provide individuals and businesses a legal document reflecting agreement, expectation and mechanism to resolve potential disagreement or disputes.

The lawyers in Vietnam drafting or reviewing contracts under Vietnam laws will need to initially review the legal resources in relevant to the transactions, research related documents and the parties involved to provide legal opinions, make suggestions and propose an optimal solution to the client for negotiation and contract finalization.

Basic terms and conditions of the contracts being rights and obligations of parties to the contracts, and other terms in regard to duration, quality, payment, dispute handling procedures, applicable law and/or jurisdiction, confidentiality, force majeure, intellectual property clauses…among others have to be carefully taken into considerations.

Further, a contract should ensure the following points to be covered:

• Use right legal terms or terminology;
• Foresee the future scenarios;
• Describe the specific matters;
• Clearly mention obligations;
• Obtain a balance between parties involved.

There are specific contracts in Vietnam for various transactions being:

• Joint venture contract;
• Share purchase contract;
• Sales contract;
• Business cooperation contract;
• Licensing contract;
• Investment contract;
• Labour contract;
• Lease contract;
• Distribution contract;
• Construction contract;
• Prenuptial agreement.

Each business transaction is different as such a contract is not a compilation of standard terms and conditions.  Professional contract lawyers in Vietnam would consider the purpose of the contract, transaction type, significance of the deal, industry, Vietnam legal requirements and expectation of the client to prepare a legally enforceable contract for the client, to avoid misunderstanding and protect the client against legal disputes.

For advice or service request, please contact us via email ant@antlawyers.vn, or call +84 8 3520 2779.  To learn more about us, please visit www.antlawyers.vn.  

ANT Lawyers is a Vietnam law firm with international standards, recognized by Legal500, IFLR1000.  We are an exclusive Vietnam member of Prae Legal, the global law firm network covering more than 150 jurisdictions.  The firm provides a range of legal services as following to multinational and domestic clients.  

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